Lab lesson · free
Linux file permissions: practise chmod & chown
File permissions decide who may do what – and are one of the most common sources of errors on servers. Those who truly understand <code>chmod</code> and <code>chown</code> avoid both „Permission denied“ and dangerously open files. You practise it concretely here.
Read, write, execute
Every file has three permission groups: owner, group, everyone else – each with read (r), write (w) and execute (x). ls -l shows them. Reading that is the first step.
chmod – change permissions
With chmod you set permissions, either symbolically (chmod u+x file) or numerically (chmod 644 file). The numbers look cryptic but follow a simple logic you internalise quickly with examples.
chown – change owner
With chown you transfer a file to another user or group. On servers, the right combination of owner and permissions is often the difference between „works securely“ and „open to everyone“.
What you practise
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